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1.
Bol. pediatr ; 62(260): 119-126, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213414

RESUMO

Objetivo. Describir y comparar los datos de las intoxicaciones pediátricas, por fármacos y no medicamentosas, enla urgencia pediátrica en 2 cohortes de 2 décadas distintas.Material y métodos. En este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de 2 cohortes de pacientes que acudieron a Urgencias en el año 1997 y en el año 2015. Se compararon lascaracterísticas epidemiológicas, clínicas, la adecuación deltratamiento a las guías de los pacientes menores de 14 añosque acudieron a las Urgencias Pediátricas de nuestro hospital.Resultados. En nuestra serie ha habido un aumento delas intoxicaciones por medicamentos, de un 40% en 1997 a un53% en 2015. Por el contrario, se ha encontrado un descensorelativo de las consultas por tóxicos no medicamentosos 60%vs 47%. La distribución por sexo, con predominio femeninoen las intoxicaciones farmacológicas, y masculino en las nofarmacológicas. Las características clínicas no han variado,predominando al clínica digestiva y neurológica. Los tóxicosimplicados han variado con relación a las indicaciones encada período de tiempo, desapareciendo las intoxicacionespor aspirina en la última década. El tratamiento en Urgenciasse ha adecuado a los estándares de calidad que publican lassociedades científicas, abandonando tratamientos que se handemostrado de baja eficacia, como el jarabe de ipecacuanay los lavados gástricos. Los ingresos en nuestra serie handisminuido de un 25% vs 3%, contribuyendo entre otrascausas el desarrollo y especialización de las Unidades deUrgencias Pediátricas.Conclusiones. A pesar de que ciertos datos indican unamejora de la asistencia, sigue habiendo muchos puntos demejora para que la morbimortalidad de las intoxicaciones en pediatría disminuya (AU)


Objective. To describe and compare data on pediatricpoisonings, drug and non-drug, in the pediatric emergencydepartment in 2 cohorts from 2 different decades.Material and methods. This is a retrospective descriptive study of 2 cohorts of patients attending the emergencydepartment in 1997 and 2015. We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the adequacy of treatmentaccording to the guidelines of patients under 14 years of age,who were attended at the pediatric emergency departmentof our hospital.Results. In our series there has been an increase in drugpoisonings, from 40% in 1997 to 53% in 2015. In contrast,there was a relative decrease in consultations for non-drugintoxications, 60% vs 47%. The distribution by sex, with afemale predominance in pharmacological poisonings, and amale predominance in non-pharmacological poisonings. The clinical characteristics did not vary, with a predominance ofdigestive and neurological symptoms. The toxins involvedhave varied in relation to the indications in each period oftime, the aspirin poisonings disappearing in the last decade.Treatment in the emergency Department has been adaptedto the quality standards published by scientific societies,treatments that have been shown to be of low efficacy hasbeen abandoned, such as syrup of ipecac and gastric lavage.Admissions in our series have decreased by 25% vs 3%,contributed among other causes by the development andspecialisation of paediatric emergency units.Conclusions. Despite certain data indicating an improvement in care, there are still many points of improvementfor the morbidity and mortality of poisoning in pediatrics to decrease. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Emergências , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Intoxicação/terapia , Intoxicação/classificação , Estudos de Coortes , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Bol. pediatr ; 62(262): 257-258, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225314
3.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 1138, 2021 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34742235

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus (RV) vaccines are available in Spain since 2006 but are not included in the National Immunization Program. RV vaccination has reached an intermediate vaccination coverage rate (VCR) but with substantial differences between provinces. The aim of this study was to assess the ratio of RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) admissions to all-cause hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age in areas with different VCR. METHODS: Observational, multicenter, cross-sectional, medical record-based study. All children admitted to the study hospitals with a RVGE confirmed diagnosis during a 5-year period were selected. The annual ratio of RVGE to the total number of all-cause hospitalizations in children < 5 years of age were calculated. The proportion of RVGE hospitalizations were compared in areas with low (< 30%), intermediate (31-59%) and high (> 60%) VCR. RESULTS: From June 2013 to May 2018, data from 1731 RVGE hospitalizations (16.47% of which were nosocomial) were collected from the 12 study hospitals. RVGE hospital admissions accounted for 2.82% (95 CI 2.72-3.00) and 43.84% (95% CI 40.53-47.21) of all-cause and Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age, respectively. The likelihood of hospitalization due to RVGE was 56% (IC95%, 51-61%) and 27% (IC95%, 18-35%) lower in areas with high and intermediate VCR, respectively, compared to the low VCR areas. CONCLUSIONS: RVGE hospitalization ratios are highly dependent on the RV VCR. Increasing VCR in areas with intermediate and low coverage rates would significantly reduce the severe burden of RVGE that requires hospital management in Spain. Clinical trial registration Not applicable.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite , Infecções por Rotavirus , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vacinação , Cobertura Vacinal
5.
Bol. pediatr ; 59(250): 277-282, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195029

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se denomina fenotipo conductual (FC) a la conducta y perfil cognitivo asociados de modo específico a un síndrome, habitualmente de origen genético. DESARROLLO: Numerosos síndromes clásicos muestran FC asociados bien conocidos en la bilbliografía, pero existen síndromes menos conocidos que presentan FC característicos. Los FC muestran habitualmente la presencia de discapacidad intelectual y/o trastorno de espectro autista, con adición de neuroconducta y déficits neuropsicológicos específicos. Existe un número creciente de diagnósticos de síndromes genéticos con patología de neurodesarrollo debido a la difusión de técnicas de estudio como los CGH-arrays y la secuenciación masiva. El estudio de genes críticos y mutaciones específicas para establecer el correlato genotipo-fenotipo conductual en cada síndrome puede ser complicado. Se revisan diversos síndromes con FC característicos poco citados en la bibliografía, con correlatos genotipo-fenotipo interesantes y paradigmáticos. CONCLUSIONES: El FC ha perdido parte del valor diagnóstico que tenía en la época previa a la difusión de las técnicas de diagnóstico genético, pero mantiene un importante valor dentro del pronóstico y manejo individualizado


INTRODUCTION: The behavior and cognitive profile specifically associated with a syndrome, usually of genetic origin, is called behavioral phenotype (BP). DEVELOPMENT: Many classic syndromes show wellknown associated BP in the bibliography, but there are less known syndromes that have characteristic BP. These BP usually show the presence of intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder, with addition of neurobehavior and specific neuropsychological deficits. There is an increasing number of diagnoses of genetic syndromes with neurodevelopmental pathology due to the diffusion of study techniques such as arrays CGH and massive sequencing. The study of critical genes and specific mutations to establish the behavioral phenotype-genotype correlate in each syndrome can be complicated. We review various characteristic BP syndromes that are poorly cited in the bibliography, with interesting and paradigmatic genotype-phenotype correlates. CONCLUSIONS: BP has lost part of the diagnostic value that it had in the days prior to diffusion of genetic diagnostic techniques, but it maintains an important value within prognosis and individualized management


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cromossômicos/fisiopatologia , Deleção Cromossômica , Síndrome
6.
Rev Neurol ; 66(12): 409-414, 2018 06 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29897608

RESUMO

AIM: Retrospective analysis of the neurodevelopment in the first two years of life in patients with severe congenital heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Out of 89 patients with severe congenital heart disease 19 were excluded due to a history of prematurity and/or chromosomopathy, four due to a history of ischemic stroke and two due to lack of medical history. Denver Test (DT) results at 2, 6, 12, 15 and 18 months, and results in motor, language and social interaction fields were achieved. RESULTS: 59.4% were male and 40.6% female. The mean age of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with pathological DT at 18 months was 3 months, compared to 11.88 months in those with normal DT. DT at 2 months was normal in 98.4% of patients, 87.5% at 6 and 12 months, 81.3% at 15 months and 85% at 18 months. Two patients with abnormal neurodevelopment normalized the DT before 24 months. The field of neurodevelopment most affected was language (15.6%), followed by motor (10.9%) and social interaction (8%). CONCLUSIONS: Psychomotor development delay, especially in the area of language, is more frequent in patients with severe congenital heart disease. The presence of cyanosis and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were the variables that are most associated with this type of pathology.


TITLE: Desarrollo psicomotor en pacientes con cardiopatia congenita grave.Objetivo. Analizar los hitos motores alcanzados en los dos primeros años de vida en pacientes con cardiopatia congenita grave. Pacientes y metodos. De 89 pacientes con cardiopatia congenita grave, 19 fueron excluidos por antecedentes de prematuridad o cromosomopatia, cuatro por antecedente de ictus isquemico y dos por ausencia de historia clinica. Se obtuvieron resultados del test de Denver (TD) a los 2, 6, 12, 15 y 18 meses, y resultados en los campos motor, del lenguaje y de interaccion social. Resultados. El 59,4% fueron varones, y el 40,6%, mujeres. La edad media de los pacientes sometidos a oxigenacion con membrana extracorporea con TD patologico a los 18 meses fue de 3 meses, frente a 11,88 meses de los que presentaban un TD normal. El TD a los 2 meses resulto normal en el 98,4% de los pacientes, en el 87,5% a los 6 y 12 meses, en el 81,3% a los 15 meses, y en el 85% a los 18 meses. Dos de los pacientes con alteracion en el neurodesarrollo normalizaron el TD antes de los 24 meses. El campo del neurodesarrollo mas afectado fue el del lenguaje (15,6%), seguido del motor (10,9%) y de la interaccion social (8%). Conclusiones. El retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor, especialmente en el area del lenguaje, es mas frecuente en pacientes con cardiopatias congenitas graves, y la presencia de cianosis y la necesidad de circulacion con membrana extracorporea son las variables que mas se asocian con este tipo de patologia.


Assuntos
Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicomotores/epidemiologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/etiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etiologia , Comorbidade , Cianose , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/etiologia , Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Humanos , Hipóxia Encefálica/etiologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/etiologia , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Transtornos Psicomotores/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Bol. pediatr ; 57(239): 1-8, 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-168525

RESUMO

Las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas son enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por la mordedura de garrapata parasitada por agentes infecciosos. Las garrapatas son los segundos vectores más importantes de transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas al ser humano tras los mosquitos. En áreas donde existen garrapatas es importante conocer cómo prevenir y detectar sus ataques. A medida que la incidencia de estas enfermedades aumenta, se convierte en más importante distinguir las distintas presentaciones clínicas de estos procesos por parte de los profesionales sanitarios. En Castilla y León la especie de garrapata más frecuente es Ixodes ricinus, vector de la enfermedad de Lyme, pero son las rickettsias los patógenos que con mayor frecuencia parasitan a las garrapatas


Tick borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted by the bites of infected ticks. Ticks are second only to mosquitoes for transmitting diseases to human. In areas where ticks are present it is important to know how to prevent and check for tick bites. As the incidence of tick borne illnesses is rising, it becomes increasingly important that health professionals are able to distinguish the diverse clinical presentations of these diseases. In Castilla y León the most common tick is Ixodes ricinus which is in relation with Lyme disease but rickettsia’s are the primary pathogen that parasite ticks


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos/métodos , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/diagnóstico , Ixodes , Vetores de Doenças , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Rickettsia , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação
8.
Bol. pediatr ; 56(236): 125-133, 2016. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155802

RESUMO

El virus Zika es un arbovirus transmitido por la picadura del mosquito hembra del género Aedes, predominando la especie Aedes Albopictus en la zona mediterránea. La principal forma de transmisión es a través de vectores, pero el virus ha sido aislado en diversos fluidos orgánicos, describiéndose casos de transmisión vertical, sexual y mediante derivados hemáticos. La posible transmisión a través de la lactancia materna todavía se desconoce. El virus Zika ha presentado una gran expansión en el último año, reconociéndose a día de hoy transmisión autóctona en 33 países de las Américas, por lo que el 1 de febrero de 2016 la OMS declara la infección por virus Zika emergencia de salud pública global ante la gran cantidad de casos notificados y a las posibles complicaciones derivadas de su infección en el ser humano. Tras la infección por el virus, solo el 25% de las personas afectadas presentarán sintomatología tras un periodo de incubación que oscila entre 3 y 12 días, desarrollando un cuadro banal con fiebre, dolores articulares, hiperemia conjuntival y exantema generalizado. Por el momento no hay tratamiento específico antiviral ni vacuna, por lo que el tratamiento es sintomático con antitérmicos, reposo y líquidos. La importancia radica en el aumento de casos de microcefalia y síndromes neurológicos detectados coincidentes en el tiempo con el brote de infección por virus Zika, lo que ha hecho sonar las alarmas de las autoridades de salud pública. En España, el Ministerio de Sanidad define el riesgo de transmisión autóctona del virus como un riesgo real, en base al análisis de diversos factores. En la actualidad hay un resurgimiento de los arbovirus, necesitando más estudios con los que podamos comprender el comportamiento de estos, y poder desarrollar estrategias de salud pública adecuadas, y vacunas y antirretrovirales efectivos


Zika virus is an arbovirus transmitted by the bite of female Aedes mosquito genus, species Aedes albopictus is the predominant in the Mediterranean region. Transmission is mainly through vectors, but the virus has been isolated in various organic fluids. Cases of vertical, sexual transmission and via blood products have been described. The possible transmission through breastfeeding is still unknown. Zika virus has presented a major expansion in the last year, up today autochthonous transmission has been recognized in 33 countries in the Americas, therefore on February 1, 2016, the WHO declared virus Zika as a global public health emergency, because of the large number of cases reported and possible complications derived from their infection in humans. After infection by the virus, only 25% of the affected present symptoms after an incubation period between 3 and 12 days, developing banal clinical manifestations such as fever, joint pain, conjunctival hyperemia and generalized rash. At the moment there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment. Management is symptomatic with antipyretic, rest and fluids. The increasing of microcephaly and neurological syndromes during the outbreak of Zika virus infection, has warned the public health authorities. The risk of autochthonous transmission in Spain is defined by the Ministry of Health as a real risk, based on the analysis of several factors. Nowadays there is a resurgence of arboviruses. More studies are needed to understand their behavior and to develop appropriate public health strategies, effective vaccines and antiretroviral therapies. Key words: Infection; Microcephaly; Update; Zika virus


Assuntos
Humanos , Zika virus/patogenicidade , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Virais
9.
Bol. pediatr ; 56(236): 167-170, 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155807

RESUMO

El hipotiroidismo afecta a alrededor del 4,6% de la población (manifiesto un 0,3% y subclínico un 4,3%). La tiroiditis crónica autoinmune (TCAI) es la forma de tiroiditis y de enfermedad autoinmune órgano-específica más frecuente siendo la causa más común de bocio e hipotiroidismo en los países con suficientes aportes de yodo en la alimentación. Es conocido el papel de las hormonas tiroideas en múltiples órganos y sistemas si bien muchos casos de hipotiroidismo cursan de forma asintomática. Generalmente los síntomas por los que los pacientes consultan son bocio, hipocrecimiento y obesidad. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de trece años con hipotiroidismo franco de origen autoinmune con grave afectación multiorgánica a destacar insuficiencia renal, anemia con acantocitosis y miocardiopatía con hipertrofia septal asimétrica; forma poco frecuente de presentación al diagnóstico de las TCAI en el momento actual. Dichas alteraciones son reversibles, normalizándose los parámetros de las distintas pruebas complementarias con el tratamiento sustitutivo


Hypothyroidism occurs in about 4.6% of people (0,3% of them suffer symptoms and 4,3% suffer subclinical hypothyroidism). Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common type of thyroiditis and organ-specific autoimmune disease, and it´s the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism in countries with enough iodine contribution on feed. The role of thyroid hormones is known in multiple organ systems, although many cases of hypothyroidism are asymptomatic. Usually patients consult for goiter, short stature and obesity. We report a 13-years-old teenager case who is a chronic autoinmune hypothiroidism affected, with a several multiorganic disease, including renal failure, anemia, acanthocytosis, and asymmetric septal hypertrophy cardiomyopathy; an unusual presentation to diagnose the chronic autoinmune thyroiditis nowadays. Every alteration is reversible and returns to the normal state with hormone replacement therapy


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/complicações , Tireoidite Autoimune/complicações , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Hormônios Tireóideos/uso terapêutico
11.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 73(4): 88-95, abr. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138004

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: El tratamiento óptimo de la taquicardia fetal es todavía objeto de controversia. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar el manejo y la evolución de los fetos diagnosticados de taquicardia en 9 centros españoles. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo, con análisis de todos los fetos con taquicardia diagnosticados en 9 centros españoles entre enero de 2008 y septiembre de 2010. Resultados: Se registraron 37 casos, un 30% hidrópicos. Un total de 26 casos no presentaba hidropesía; 4 de ellos se diagnosticaron de flutter auricular –cardioversión con éxito en todos, intraútero o posnatalmente– y 22 de taquicardia supraventricular (TSV), 17 con intervalo ventriculoauricular (VA) corto y 5 con intervalo VA largo. El fármaco inicial en la mayoría de los casos fue la digoxina. La taquicardia se controló prenatalmente en el 93% de las TSV con VA corto y en el 50% con VA largo. La digoxina resultó eficaz en los fetos con VA corto, pero ineficaz en los casos con VA largo (p= 0,019). Un feto con TSV con disfunción ventricular falleció. Asociaron hidropesía 11 casos, todos ellos diagnosticados de TSV. La estrategia terapéutica fue muy variable en este grupo. Fallecieron 5 de los fetos hidrópicos: 1 posnatalmente, 2 intraútero muy precozmente tras empezar el tratamiento, y 2 intraútero a pesar de haber convertido a ritmo sinusal con éxito (1 estando en tratamiento con flecainida y 1 con sotalol) . Conclusiones: En nuestra serie se ha registrado una mortalidad muy alta de los fetos hidrópicos. Proponemos un nuevo protocolo de tratamiento concordado para mejorar la evolución de la taquicardia fetal (AU)


Introduction and objective: Optimal treatment for fetal tachycardia is still controversial. The aim of this study is to review the actual management and outcome of fetal tachycardia in 9 Spanish centers. Method: Retrospective multicentric study: analysis of all fetuses with tachycardia diagnosed at 9 Spanish centers between January 2008 and September 2010. Results: 37 cases were registered, 30% of which were hydropic. We had 26 no hydropic cases, of which 4 atrial flutter –all of them successfully cardioverted intrautero or after delivery– and 22 with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), of which 17 short ventriculo-auricular (VA) interval and 5 long VA interval. Digoxin was the drug of choice in most cases. Prenatal control of the tachycardia was achieved in 93% of treated SVT with short VA interval and 50% of long VA, being digoxine effective in short VA but not long VA interval (p= 0.019). 1 fetus with supraventricular tachycardia with ventricular dysfunction died. 11 cases were hydropic, all of them diagnosed as SVT. Management strategies were highly diverse in this group. 5 patients died: 1 after delivery, 2 intrautero very shortly after starting treatment, and 2 intrautero in spite of being successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm (1 with sotalol, 1 with flecainide). Conclusions: Hydropic fetuses have shown a high mortality rate in our population, which calls for further studies and unification of criteria. Here we propose a common protocol aimed at improving the outcome of fetal tachycardia (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Taquicardia/epidemiologia , Hidropisia Fetal/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico
12.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 81(5): 275-282, nov. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129373

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Revisar el manejo actual y la evolución de la bradicardia fetal en 9 centros españoles. MÉTODO: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo: análisis de todos los fetos con bradicardia diagnosticados en 9 centros españoles entre enero de 2008 y septiembre de 2010. Los mecanismos electrofisiológicos responsables de la bradicardia fetal se estudiaron mediante ecocardiografía. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 37 casos: 3 fetos con bradicardia sinusal, 15 con extrasistolia auricular no conducida y 19 con bloqueo auriculoventricular (AV) de alto grado. Bradicardia sinusal: el 100% asoció patologías severas. Extrasistolia auricular no conducida: excelente pronóstico, pero un caso desarrolló posnatalmente taquicardia supraventricular. Entre los bloqueos AV de alto grado, el 16% asociaban cardiopatía congénita con isomerismo, el 63% anticuerpos antiRo/SSA maternos y el 21% fueron de etiología desconocida. La mortalidad global de los bloqueos AV fue del 20% (37% si consideramos la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo). Factores de riesgo fueron: asociar una cardiopatía congénita, hídrops y/o disfunción ventricular. El tratamiento fue variable según el centro, se administraron corticoides en el 73% de los bloqueos de grado III inmunomediados y en el único caso de bloqueo de grado II inmunomediado. En un seguimiento medio de 18 meses, se implantaron marcapasos en el 58% de los bloqueo AV de alto grado. CONCLUSIONES: La bradicardia fetal sostenida precisa siempre de un estudio exhaustivo, incluso en el caso de la bradicardia sinusal. La extrasistolia auricular no conducida tiene buen pronóstico pero puede asociar taquicardia. El bloqueo AV de alto grado fetal tiene todavía una morbimortalidad significativa y su tratamiento es controvertido


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review the current management and outcomes of fetal bradycardia in 9 Spanish centers. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study: analysis of all fetuses with bradycardia diagnosed between January 2008 and September 2010. Underlying mechanisms of fetal bradyarrhythmias were studied with echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 37 cases were registered: 3 sinus bradycardia, 15 blocked atrial bigeminy, and 19 high grade atrioventricular blocks. Sinus bradycardia: 3 cases (100%) were associated with serious diseases. Blocked atrial bigeminy had an excellent outcome, except for one case with post-natal tachyarrhythmia. Of the atrioventricular blocks, 16% were related to congenital heart defects with isomerism, 63% related to the presence of maternal SSA/Ro antibodies, and 21% had unclear etiology. Overall mortality was 20% (37%, if terminations of pregnancy are taken into account). Risk factors for mortality were congenital heart disease, hydrops and/or ventricular dysfunction. Management strategies differed among centers. Steroids were administrated in 73% of immune-mediated atrioventricular blocks, including the only immune-mediated IInd grade block. More than half (58%) of atrioventricular blocks had a pacemaker implanted in a follow-up of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained fetal bradycardia requires a comprehensive study in all cases, including those with sinus bradycardia. Blocked atrial bigeminy has a good prognosis, but tachyarrhythmias may develop. Heart block has significant mortality and morbidity rates, and its management is still highly controversial


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Bradicardia/epidemiologia , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Coração Fetal/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Terapias Fetais/métodos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 80(3): 187.e1-187.e5, mar. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119868

RESUMO

En este artículo se recogen las recomendaciones para la prevención de la endocarditis infecciosa (EI), contenidas en las guías elaboradas por la American Heart Association (AHA) y la European Society of Cardiology (ESC) a partir de las cuales, se han consensuado las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas. En los últimos años se ha producido un cambio considerable en las recomendaciones para la prevención de la EI, motivado principalmente por la falta de evidencia sobre la eficacia de la profilaxis antibiótica en su prevención y el riesgo de desarrollo de resistencias a los antibióticos utilizados. El cambio principal consiste en una reducción de las indicaciones de la profilaxis antibiótica, tanto en lo relativo a los pacientes como a los procedimientos considerados de riesgo. Las guías de práctica clínica y las recomendaciones deben asistir a los profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones clínicas en su ejercicio diario. No obstante, el juicio último sobre el cuidado de un paciente concreto lo debe tomar el médico responsable


This article sets out the recommendations for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE), contained in the guidelines developed by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), from which the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease have been agreed. In recent years, there has been a considerable change in the recommendations for the prevention of IE, mainly due to the lack of evidence on the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in prevention, and the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The main change is a reduction of the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis, both in terms of patients and procedures considered at risk. Clinical practice guidelines and recommendations should assist health professionals in making clinical decisions in their daily practice. However, the ultimate judgment regarding the care of a particular patient must be taken by the physician responsible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Endocardite Bacteriana/prevenção & controle , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Padrões de Prática Médica , Fatores de Risco , Estreptococos Viridans/patogenicidade , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade
14.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 81(5): 275-82, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24548871

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review the current management and outcomes of fetal bradycardia in 9 Spanish centers. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study: analysis of all fetuses with bradycardia diagnosed between January 2008 and September 2010. Underlying mechanisms of fetal bradyarrhythmias were studied with echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 37 cases were registered: 3 sinus bradycardia, 15 blocked atrial bigeminy, and 19 high grade atrioventricular blocks. Sinus bradycardia: 3 cases (100%) were associated with serious diseases. Blocked atrial bigeminy had an excellent outcome, except for one case with post-natal tachyarrhythmia. Of the atrioventricular blocks, 16% were related to congenital heart defects with isomerism, 63% related to the presence of maternal SSA/Ro antibodies, and 21% had unclear etiology. Overall mortality was 20% (37%, if terminations of pregnancy are taken into account). Risk factors for mortality were congenital heart disease, hydrops and/or ventricular dysfunction. Management strategies differed among centers. Steroids were administrated in 73% of immune-mediated atrioventricular blocks, including the only immune-mediated IInd grade block. More than half (58%) of atrioventricular blocks had a pacemaker implanted in a follow-up of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained fetal bradycardia requires a comprehensive study in all cases, including those with sinus bradycardia. Blocked atrial bigeminy has a good prognosis, but tachyarrhythmias may develop. Heart block has significant mortality and morbidity rates, and its management is still highly controversial.


Assuntos
Bradicardia/diagnóstico , Bradicardia/terapia , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Doenças Fetais/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha
15.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 80(3): 187.e1-5, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23562531

RESUMO

This article sets out the recommendations for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE), contained in the guidelines developed by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), from which the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease have been agreed. In recent years, there has been a considerable change in the recommendations for the prevention of IE, mainly due to the lack of evidence on the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in prevention, and the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The main change is a reduction of the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis, both in terms of patients and procedures considered at risk. Clinical practice guidelines and recommendations should assist health professionals in making clinical decisions in their daily practice. However, the ultimate judgment regarding the care of a particular patient must be taken by the physician responsible.


Assuntos
Endocardite Bacteriana/prevenção & controle , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Criança , Humanos
16.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(4): 155-159, abr. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74157

RESUMO

Varias son las normas y leyes que tratan de establecer un reglamento básico que regule la relación entre el médico y el paciente y los derechos y deberes que ambos tienen durante dicho proceso. Por ello, muchos son los organismos que han realizado declaraciones o normas jurídicas relativas a este tema (UNESCO, OMS, Unión Europea, etc.). Todos estos preceptos se hallan resumidos en la Ley 41/2002, promulgada por las Cortes españolas. De la misma forma, dentro de nuestro país, varias comunidades autónomas han regulado mediante una ley estos aspectos, haciendo especial hincapié en la información clínica y el consentimiento informado (Cataluña, Galicia, Navarra, Castilla y León, etc.).Mención especial requiere la relación médico-paciente en los casos pediátricos, ya que ésta es diferente y, además, generalmente suelen intervenir en ella más individuos (padres o tutores en la mayoría de los casos). La Ley 41/2002 establece ciertas características especiales en la relación médico-paciente pediátrico y marca los límites legales en la relación entre el sanitario, el niño y sus familiares o tutores. Pero el debate actualmente va más allá, ya que entra en juego el concepto de «menor maduro», según el cual el límite para establecer la mayoría de edad en cuanto a decisiones sobre su propia persona queda más difuminado. De esta forma, se regula la posibilidad de que las decisiones sobre la salud del niño pueda tomarlas él mismo, o al menos sugerir lo que él considera mejor para sí mismo, en el momento en que el profesional sanitario lo considere «maduro» (AU)


There are several standards and laws that attempt to establish basic regulations to control the relationship between the doctor and the patient and the rights and obligations of each during the process. Therefore, many organizations (such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO], the World Health Organization [WHO], the European Union. etc) have issued statements or legal standards regarding this issue. All these precepts have been summarized in law 41/2002, promulgated by the Spanish Parliament. Likewise, a number of autonomous regions in our country (Catalonia, Galicia, Navarre, Castile-León, etc.) now regulate these aspects by law, with special emphasis on clinical information and informed consent. The doctor-patient relationship in pediatric cases is different, and other individuals are involved in it (mainly parents or legal tutors).Law 41/2002 establishes special characteristics for this doctor pediatric patient relationship and specifies the legal limits relative to the relationship among the health worker, the child and his or her family or tutors. However the debate nowadays goes beyond this. The new concept of the “mature minor” comes into play. In this concept, the limit for establishing the age of majority regarding decisions concerning his or her own self becomes blurrier. Thus, the decisions to be made over the health of the child are standardized: when the physician considers the patient “mature” enough, the child himself will be allowed to make decisions, or atleast suggest what he considers better for himself/herself (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Jurisprudência , 51725 , Pediatria/história , Pediatria/legislação & jurisprudência
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